What is hoisting?

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Hoisting is a JavaScript mechanism where variable and function declarations are conceptually moved to the top of their scope before code execution begins. However, variable assignments are not hoisted.

console.log(x); // Output: undefined (variable is declared but not assigned)
var x = 10;

function myFunction() {
  console.log(y); // Output: undefined (function is declared but not assigned)
  var y = 20;
}
myFunction();